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COSTENA Puerto Cortes |
EXPRESO DEL ATLANTICO Puerto Cortés |
IMPALA Terminales Metropolitana Puerto Cortés |
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SAENZ CLASE 1 |
CITUL Puerto Cortés Tel. 665-0466 |
NORTENOS Tegucigalpa |
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COTUC Trujillo: Bo. Cristales Tocoa, Tel. 444-2181 / 434-3777 La Ceiba Tel. 441-2199 San Pedro Sula - Trujillo |
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VIANA CLASE ORO San Pedro Sula La Ceiba |
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DISCUA LITENA Danlí El Paraíso |
PAISANO |
D- EXPRESS Puerto Cortes – Placencia, Belize |
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HEDMAN ALAS Barrio Guamalito Comayaguela First Class buses to and from (Buses hacia) Guatemala City, Copan, Tegucigalpa, Tela, La Ceiba and the San Pedro Sula airport. |
CATISA / TUPSA La Ceiba |
EL REY
San Pedro Sula |
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REALTOR |
RIVERA |
TELA EXPRESS 2ª Calle, N.E. Ave., Circunvalación |
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EMTRAOIL Terminal Metropolitana Tel. 557-3718 |
THE UTILA PRINCESS Is the twice daily passenger ferry service between the port of La Princesa Utila: Barco pasajero diario entre La Ceiba y Utila |
KING QUALITY |
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CAROLINA |
CONTRAIBAL |
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TORITOS Y COPANECOS Nueva Ocotepeque – Santa Rosa de Copan |
LOW COST CRUISES |
CONGOLON Ocotepeque San Pedro Sula, Santa Rosa, Ocotepeque, Guatemala |
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THE GALAXY WAVE La Ceiba – Coxen Hole, Roatán |
TRASUL San Pedro Sula 1 Calle 2a. Ave. N.E. |
ETUMI San Pedro Sula Copán |
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SAN CRISTOBAL Terminal Metropolitana |
GUANAJA - TRUJILLO |
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TICA BUS Terminal Metropolitana San José, Costa Rica |
FUENTE del NORTE |
CASASOLA EXPRESS Terminal Metropolitana Copán Ruinas - Santa Rosa Telefax: 651-4078 |
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Casasola San Pedro Sula |
Trasns. Gracianos Gracias San Pedro Sula |
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Trans. Gama San Pedro Sula |
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NATIONAL FLAG Three equal horizontal bands, one blue (top), white (center), and blue (bott |
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PINE - NATIONAL TREE OF HONDURAS The government established the Pine tree as a national symbol through accord # 429 emitted in Tegucigalpa on May 14, 1926. This accord was designed to establish protective measures to conserve and improve the existing resources throughout the country. The pine tree (pinus oocarpa or pino ocote) exemplifies the national flora, and it is considered to be one of the resources known to Hondurans throughout the nation since it is abundant and its products are used in many ways. The protection given to natural resources in general and particularly to pine trees, represents a necessary conservation measure that will foster civic pride amongst all Hondurans. |
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NATIONAL SHIELD OF HONDURAS NATIONAL SHIELD Honduras, like all other countries that were Spanish colonies, used the shields (co The rose was the National Flower during 1946-1969, but considering that roses were not native to Honduras, the Legislative Decree # 17 dated January 12, 1946 was replaced by the National Congress in Tegucigalpa on November 25, 1969. Considering that the Orchid (Brassavola Digbiana) is a flower native to Honduras with exceptional beauty, vigor and distinctive characteristics, it was decreed to declare the National Flower of the Republic of Honduras as the orchid. Also at the same time, the government implemented pertinent measures to ensure its conservation and to the areas in which it grows, and to control its commercialization, cultivation and to teach scientific knowledge regarding orchids in local schools WHITE TAILED DEER - NATIONAL FAUNA OF HONDURAS As a measure designed to protect our national fauna, and above all to halt the ongoing uncontrolled depravation, the National Congress of the Republic emitted Decree # 36-93 dated June 28, 1993 instituted the national symbol of Honduran fauna as the White Tailed Deer (odocoileus Virginianus). This beautiful symbol of our fauna lives in plains and richly vegetated hills. It can be found where there are vast pine forests, remaining always faithful to the area that it first chose, and can be seen preferably at night and almost always lives a solitary life. This mammal reaches an average weight of 35-40 kilograms and reaches a height of 73 centimeters and 140 centimeter long including the tail, its diet is vegetarian and is based on herbs, leaves, fruits and other wild vegetation. The males of the species possess antlers that fall off every year; they have a very sensitive sense of smell and are great swimmers. Of the two species found in Honduras, the white tailed deer is the largest, and its two biggest natural enemies include the puma and the jaguar, as well as humans. This deer, when it raises its unique tail, runs and gives the signal of danger to the rest of the pack.
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BANDERA NACIONAL DE HONDURAS Tres franjas horizontales iguales, una azul (arriba), blanco (centro) y azul (abajo) con cinco estrellas azules de
cinco puntas dispuestas en un patrón X, centrado en la banda blanca. Las estrellas representan a los miembros de la antigua República Federal de Centro América: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua.
PINO - ÁRBOL NACIONAL DE HONDURAS El gobierno estableció el pino como símbolo nacional a través de acuerdo # 429 emitida en Tegucigalpa el 14 de mayo de 1926. Este acuerdo tiene por objeto establecer medidas de protección para conservar y mejorar los recursos existentes en todo el país. El árbol de pino (Pinus oocarpa ocote o pino) es un ejemplo de la flora nacional, y es considerado como uno de los recursos conocidos por los hondureños en todo el país, ya que es
abundante y sus productos se usan de muchas maneras. La protección dada a los recursos naturales en general y particularmente a los pinos, representa una medida de conservación necesaria que fomenten el orgullo cívico entre todos los hondureños. Por lo tanto, un acuerdo fue aprobado por el Decreto Legislativo N º 48 de fecha 04 de febrero 1927 para declarar el pino como el árbol nacional de Honduras. Su uso también se ha convertido regulado para evitar la destrucción innecesaria la tala o los incendios forestales. Por último, para crear una conciencia nacional a través de las escuelas y otros medios, del uso correcto a través de bosques de árboles y la ordenación forestal.
ESCUDO NACIONAL DE HONDURAS Honduras, como todos los otros países que fueron colonias españolas, utilizó los escudos (escudo de armas) de España, pero una vez que el país alcanzó la independencia, estos escudos ya no eran necesarios. Dionisio de Herrera, como el Jefe del Estado de Honduras, decretó la
creación de un escudo nacional el 3 de octubre de 1825. A través de su iniciativa, Honduras adquirió su propio escudo nacional, una que representa la historia de Honduras y la rica variedad de recursos nacionales que posee y que debe ser protegido y conservado. El Congreso Nacional lo declaró en su decreto # 16 y al artículo 142, designado el escudo como símbolo nacional para todos los usos, de manera clara y general. El Congreso Nacional aprobó esto en Tegucigalpa el 10 de enero de 1935.
ORQUIDEAS - FLOR NACIONAL DE HONDURAS La rosa fue la flor nacional durante 1946-1969, pero teniendo en cuenta que las rosas no eran nativos de Honduras, el Decreto Legislativo N º 17 de fecha 12 de enero 1946 fue sustituido por el Congreso Nacional en Tegucigalpa el 25 de noviembre de 1969. Considerando que la Orquídea (Brassavola Digbiana) es una flor nativa de Honduras con una excepcional belleza, vigor y características distintivas, se decretó declarar la Flor Nacional de
la República de Honduras como la orquídea. También, al mismo tiempo, el gobierno implementó medidas pertinentes para garantizar su conservación y las áreas en las que crece, y para controlar su comercialización, el cultivo y para enseñar el conocimiento científico en relación con las orquídeas en las escuelas locales.
VENADO COLA BLANCA - FAUNA NACIONAL DE HONDURAS Como una medida destinada a proteger nuestra fauna nacional, y sobre todo para poner fin a la depravación incontrolada en curso, el Congreso Nacional de la República emitió el Decreto No. 36-93 de fecha 28 de junio 1993 instituyó el símbolo nacional de la fauna de Honduras como el venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus). Este hermoso símbolo de nuestra vida la fauna en las llanuras y colinas con vegetación rica. Se encuentra donde hay extensos bosques del pino, permaneciendo siempre fiel al área que primero eligió, y se pueden ver, preferentemente por la noche y casi siempre lleva una vida solitaria.
Este mamífero alcanza un peso promedio de 35-40 kilogramos y alcanza una altura de 73 centímetros y 140 centímetros de largo incluyendo la cola, su dieta es vegetariana y está basada en hierbas, hojas, frutos y la vegetación salvaje. Los machos de las especies poseen cuernos que se caen
cada año, tienen un sentido del olfato muy sensible y son grandes nadadores. De las dos especies que se encuentran en Honduras, el venado cola blanca es la más grande, y sus dos mayores enemigos naturales son el puma y el jaguar, así como los seres humanos. Este ciervo, cuando levanta su cola única, corre y da la señal de peligro para el resto de la manada.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF WHAT ONCE MOVED HONDURAS
Honduras, just like most of the rest of the Central American countries bordering the Caribbean Sea, was producing bananas for local consumption since the XVI century. In the mid 1860's, Honduras began making small shipments of bananas from the Bay Islands of Utila and Roatan, to the city of New Orleans. These were carried as part of the cargo of small schooners making the trip between those ports. By 1870, bananas had a ready market in the cities of New Orleans, Miami and New York. By the end of that decade, the
North Coast of Honduras, between the natural harbors of Puerto Castilla, to the east of La Ceiba, and Puerto Cortes to the west, had several small banana farms run by more or less family plots, which were producing good salable stems. Around that same time, there were several buyers of the fruit who came on a fairly regular basis seeking to purchase bananas for resale in the United States of America.
One of these buyers was Minor C. Keith, who had his own plantations in Costa Rica, but who needed additional fruit to complete his shipping commitments. Also purchasing on a regular basis from the Honduran producers in the late 1880's and the 1890’s were the Macheca’s Brothers; the Pizzattis’, and Santo Oteri and his Son. They all came to buy bananas, and did so right on the beaches of Puerto Cortes, Tela and Ceiba. But by mid 1899, all of these buyers became part of the United Fruit Company, which had been founded in March of 1899. The Vaccaro-D'Antoni partnership came on the scene in late 1899, and on its first trip to Honduras, seeking to purchase oranges and coconuts for sale in New Orleans, Miami and New York, they also purchased a few stems of bananas at Roatan Island. Their success in selling their purchases in New Orleans, Miami and New York where they had their own outlet induced them to move to the mainland of Honduras, and by 1901, they had established themselves at Salado Barra, west of La Ceiba, and also had an office in La Ceiba.
Here is a snapshoot of Honduran banana trade control by 1912:
1) Vaccaro Brothers and Company had a government concession to build a railroad from the city of La Ceiba on the north coast of Honduras to the city of Yoro, Yoro. They had by this time some of their own plantations of bananas, but continued to buy fruit from local producers. Their area of operations was between Boca Cerrada, west of La Ceiba, and Balfate, east of La Ceiba (an area of about 80 kilometers of coastline);
2) United Fruit Company had two concessions which it had purchased with government approval. One was to build a railroad from Tela to Progreso which is in the Sula Valley, and the other was to build a railroad from Trujillo, to the city of Juticalpa in Olancho. United Fruit set up the Tela Railroad Company and the Trujillo Railroad Company to manage these concessions. By this time, United Fruit also had some of its own plantations, and continued to buy fruit from locals; and
3) Cuyamel Fruit Company was owned by Samuel Zemurray, who also had a government concession to build a railroad from Omoa into the Cuyamel Valley, in which he had banana plantations. Zemurray had come to Honduras in 1905, arriving in Puerto Cortes, which wasn't much at that time. He began purchasing fruit from local producers, just like the Vacccaros and United Fruit Company, but soon saw the need for having his own farms in order to have better quality control of production.
In summary, by 1912, bananas were being shipped from Honduras solely by: the Vaccaro’s Brothers; United Fruit Company, and Cuyamel Fruit Company. There existed an apparent gentleman pact that set the Vaccaro Brother's zone of influence from the east Bank of the Lean River on the west of La Ceiba, to the San Esteban River near Balfate, to the east of La Ceiba.
United Fruit Company had two zones of influence: The one near Trujillo, in the Aguan River Valley and along the coast east of Trujillo into the Sico River Valley; and The area of Tela R.R. Co. sector whose zone of influence was from the West bank of the Lean River to the east, and to the east bank of the Ulua River to the west of Tela.
The Cuyamel zone of influence was west of the Ulua River to the Guatemalan border.
As of 1996, the banana production and export from Honduras is handled by:
1) Standard Fruit de Honduras, S.A. , which is part of Dole Fresh Fruit International and which originated with the Vaccaro Brothers; and
2) Tela R.R. Co., which is part of the Chiquita Brands International which originated with United Fruit Company. Chiquita's banana operations in Honduras are all in the Sula Valley.
Standard Fruit de Honduras, S.A. has now constituted the Maya Division, under William Swinford, who is its designer, and which handles the banana production in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Mexico, shipped under the Dole Label.